Từ Điển Thuật Ngữ Thái Cực Quyền

Giới Thiệu

Bản quyền 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (cập nhật 12/10/06)

Danh sách các thuật ngữ chung liên quan đến việc thực hành Thái Cực. Các thuật ngữ được trình bày theo thứ tự bảng chữ cái bằng phiên âm Pinyin, cùng với cách phát âm và phiên âm tiếng Anh tương đương. Phiên âm tiếng Anh dựa trên các mẫu âm thanh dễ nhận biết gần với tiếng Trung phát âm đúng, sử dụng tiếng Trung Mandarin từ điển, với giọng Bắc Kinh tiêu chuẩn. Sẽ có sự khác biệt trong cách người Trung Quốc nói những từ giống nhau, có nhiều phương ngữ và đặc điểm khu vực. Đây là tiếng Trung tiêu chuẩn truyền hình (T.V. Chinese), tương tự như những gì bạn có thể nghe trên các kênh tin tức châu Á.

Dấu Thanh Điệu

Trung tính (không dấu): Phát âm âm tiết mà không có bất kỳ ngữ điệu nào.

Cao (thanh cao): Âm tiết được phát âm như đỉnh núi, nói cao, và giữ âm thanh đều đặn.

Thoát (thanh thoát): Âm tiết như luồng không khí nhẹ nhàng thoát ra ngoài.

Đi xuống (thanh hạ): Âm tiết như từ từ đi xuống, đều đặn và êm ái.

Nhập (thanh nhập): Âm tiết ngắn gọn và nhanh chóng.

Các Thuật Ngữ Phổ Biến

Bát Kình — Tám Kỹ Thuật Cơ Bản

1. Phòng (Péng): Đẩy ra ngoài và lên trên
2. Lữ (Lǚ): Cuộn lại, dẫn dắt
3. Tỳ (Jǐ): Ép, nén
4. Án (Àn): Ấn xuống, đẩy về phía trước
5. Thái (Cǎi): Kéo xuống, giật
6. Liệt (Liè): Xé, xoắn
7. Chủu (Zhǒu): Đánh bằng khuỷu tay
8. Khảo (Kào): Đánh bằng vai

Ngũ Bộ — Năm Bước Cơ Bản

1. Tiến Bộ (Jìn Bù): Bước tới phía trước
2. Lùi Bộ (Tuì Bù): Bước lùi về sau
3. Tả Thị Tả Đề (Zuǒ Shì Zuǒ Dēng): Bước sang trái
4. Hữu Thị Hữu Đề (Yòu Shì Yòu Dēng): Bước sang phải
5. Trung Đề (Zhōng Dēng): Bước trung tâm

Các Khái Niệm Nâng Cao

Kình (Jīn - Lực Nội Công): Là lực phát ra từ bên trong thông qua sự phối hợp đúng giữa cơ thể, khí và ý. Không giống như lực cơ bắp thông thường, kình có thể xuyên qua các lớp mô mà không gây tổn thương.

Triền Ty Kình (Chán Sī Jìn): Lực xoắn ốc như con tơ — di chuyển theo đường xoáy. Kỹ thuật này tạo ra lực liên tục không bị gián đoạn.

Phát Tấn (Fǎ Jìn): Lực đột phát, thường xuất hiện khi có sự thay đổi hướng. Phát tấn đòi hỏi sự phối hợp chính xác giữa toàn bộ cơ thể.

Sung (Sōng): Thư giãn nhưng không mềm nhũn. Đây là trạng thái mà cơ thể thoải mái nhưng vẫn sẵn sàng phản ứng.

Ghi Chú Cuối

Từ điển này là nguồn tham khảo hữu ích cho người mới bắt đầu và cả những người tập lâu năm. Phiên âm và ý nghĩa có thể thay đổi tùy theo phong cách và trường phái cụ thể.

Phụ lục: Nguyên bản tiếng Anh (English original)

1 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Tai Chi Lexicon General list of terms associated with practice of Taji. Terms are presented alphabetically in PinYin, along with the proper tone(s) for pronunciation, along with the equivalent phonetic English. Phonetic English is based upon easily recognized sound patterns which are near equivalents of the properly spoken Chinese, using dictionary Mandarin Chinese, with a standard Beijing accent. There will be differences in the way Chinese people say these same words, there are many regional dialects and idiosyncrasies. This is T.V. Chinese, similar to what you might hear on the Asian news of the International Channel. Any changes additions or corrections are welcome, just let me know. Some of the tone markers are subjective, based upon personal experience, and may require some fine tuning. Tones: 0 - neutral (no tone, pronounce the syllable without any inflection) 1 - high (the syllable is like the tip of a mountain, say it high, and hold the sound even) 2 - ascending (syllable spoken with the tone rising upward) 3 - dipping tone (starts almost low, dips a bit, then ascends slightly, think of the letter “u” or a valley) 4 - descending (syllable starts high, then tone drops or descends downward) Chinese Term (In PinYin) Tone Phonetic English Definition An 4 anh Push. Downward energy. The arms and body should move as a single unit. Number 4 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Ba Duan Jin 1,4,3 bah dewanh gin Eight Pieces of Silk Brocade. A highly regarded Qigong sequence. 2 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) BaGua 1,4 bahGwah Eight Palms. Along with XingYi, one of the three pillars of internal arts. Eight trigrams. Eight basic principles after the two, Yin and Yang, but before the 64 hexagrams. Ba Men 1,2 bah munh (“u” same as “u” in mud) Eight Gates. The 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Bai He 2,4 buy heh White crane. Bai Hui 3,4 buy hweigh “Hundred meetings”. Acupuncture point on the crown of the head, regarded as a nexus for many meridians. Bu Fa 4,3 boo fah Foot method. How your feet should move. Cai 3 tsai Pluck. Sometimes referred to as press (as in press down). Needle at sea bottom. Bring opponent’s force downward. Number 5 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Chang, San-Feng (Zhang, San-Feng) ?,1,? jahng, sahn fung Chang, San-Feng (960-1279 A.D.), Historical lore credits him with being the creator of Taijiquan. Chin Na (Qin Na) 2,2 chin nah System using manipulation of joints, dividing the muscle, sealing opponent's breath and cavity press to defeat an attacker. Chuan (Quan) 4 chwan Fist. Last word in Taijiquan. Chuang 1 chewang Window. An opening through someone can attack. Da Lu 4,4 dah leeooh (or lyu) Large Rollback. Lu is Number 2 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. 3 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Dan Tian 1,2 don tienh Field of Elixir. It is generally considered there are three in the body: 1) the brain; 2) the solar plexus; 3) the lower abdomen. Our focus is on the third, which is also referred to as QiHai (Sea of Qi). Depending on source of explanation, location will vary slightly. Generally OK to think of it as 3 finger widths below the navel, and two thirds of the body width from front to rear. Dao de Jing 4,0,1 dow duh jing (or geengh) Classic of the Dao. Everything you need to know in one book that will fit in your purse or pocket (but not necessarily your mind). De Qi 2,4 duh chee Acquiring Chi. More literally means to arrive at Chi. Di Chuang 4,1 dee chewang Ground window. Opportunity to attack an opponent from below. Ding Bu Tui Shou 1,4,4,3 ding bu tweigh show Stationary pushing hands. Dong Bu Tui Shou 1,4,4,3 doong bu tweigh show Moving pushing hands. Er Jiang 4,1 are jiangh Two generals. Referring to the sounds “henh” and “hah” which are used to coordinate Dan Tian with movement. “henh” for outward and forward energy; “hah” for downward. Fa 1 fah Striking or attacking. Number 5 or the 5 qualities of push hands. Fei Long 1,2 feigh loong Flying Dragon Fo Jiao 2,4 fuo geeow Buddhism. Teachings of the enlightened one. 4 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Gongfu 1,4 goong foo Kung Fu. Energy and time. A focus on accomplishment/excellence. Now taken to mean Chinese martial arts. Same origin as Gung Ho in English. Ha 4? hah A sound which you can emit as part of practice. Yang in nature, increases the focus of energy and augments power. Hai Di 3,3 high dee Sea bottom. The groin area. Hen 4 henh Yin when done inhaling. Said to condense Yi and Qi into the marrow. When done exhaling, still negative with some positive. Hua 4 hwah Neutralizing. Number 4 of the 5 qualities of push hands. Ji 3 gee (like gee whiz) Press. First stick to your opponent, then press before he/she has opportunity to move or adjust. Forward expanding energy. Like a coin bouncing off the surface of a drum. Like water penetrating a rock throught a fault in its surface. Number 3 or the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Jin 4 gin (and tonic) Muscular energy. Jin Bu 1,4 gin boo Step forward. Number 1 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Jing 1 jing (or geengh) The 12 pairs of energy channels through which Qi flows. Jing 1 jing (or geengh) Different character than above. Essence of your living body. Can mean semen. This is the part of you which is energized by Qi. Jing Shen 1,2 jing (or geengh) shun Vital. If you have it, you are active and vigorous. 5 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Kao 4 cow Bump (with the shoulder). Number 8 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. In fact, the bump can be with the shoulder, hip, thigh, back, leg, any body part. Kong Men 1,2 kung (think “King Kung”) mon (like money without “ey”) Empty door. An opening for attack. Kou Jue 4,3 Koh(like “coat” without the “t”) jeweh Literally "mouth secrets". Secrets that are passed down as part of restricted oral tradition. Those things we hope teacher will give to us if we're very good. Lao Shi 3,1 lau (like “loud” without the “d”) shirh Teacher (respectful address) Lao Zi 3,4(or0) lau dz Literally means “old one (particle)”. History tells us this is the name of the man who wrote the dao de jing, at the request of a border guard just before checking out of society. Uncertain whether the person existed in fact. Leng Jin 3,4 lung gin Cold Jin. An attach which is sudden and surprises your opponent. A sucker punch. Li 4 lee Muscular power. Force. It's what your feel when someone hits you. You can feel their Li, you can not feel their Qi. They can sense their Qi, they can not feel their Li. Liang Yi 3,1 leeangh ee Two 1's. Means two posts. Lie 4 leeyeah Split or Tear/Rend. Using opposing forces to off balance an opponent. This is Number 6 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. 6 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Lu 4 leeooh (or lyu) Roll back. Number 2 or the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Softness, yielding. Control/capture incoming attack, offset balance. Allow opponent to enter, and rotate with his force. Energy down and back. Ming Men 4,2 mingh munh (“u” same as “u” in mud) Door of Life. Behind Dan Tian. Between second/third lumbar vertebrae, just beneath the two kidneys, and opposite the naval. Moves back when “sitting”, or when executing moves as in the Ba Men. Mo 1 muo (or mwaugh) Smear. Something you do as part of double pushing hands practice. You’ll recognize it when you feel it. Na 2 nah To grab/control. Nian 2 nienh Sticking. Number 3 of the 5 qualities of push hands. Ni hu xi 4,1,1 knee, who, shee Reverse breathing. Breathing opposite of normal. Physical compression on inhaling, physical expansion on exhaling. Pan Xi 2,1 panh shee Coil-suction. Cobra. Like a snake. A way of sticking and adhering to part of an opponent’s body. Peng 3 pengh Wardoff. Number 1 or the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Bounces incoming energy back in the direction from which it came. Denotes strength, power, boundless energy, like inflated ball. Expansive. Peng Jing 3,1 pengh jing (or geengh) Ward off power. Qi 4 chee Essential energy. 7 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Qigong 4,1 chee goonhg The practice of movement to encourage chi enhancement and circulation in the body for health and or martial purposes. Study of internal arts for self improvement. Qi Hai 4,3 chee high The “sea of Chi”. That location in the lower abdomen which acts as the vault, bank, storage area, or “sea” of Chi. Qi He 4,2 chee heh Gather your chi. Qi Xing 4,1 chee shing Seven Stars. San Cai 1,2 sahn tsai Three Wisdoms. San Bao 1,3 sahn, bow (as in “bow down”) Three Jewels (Treasures). Jing (deer) - seminal energy; Qi (crane) - life energy; Shen (turtle) - spiritual energy. San Jiao 1,3 sahn, geeow Triple burner. Bodily function not rooted in physiology regulating water and energy in three areas: upper (head/chest-heart/lungs); middle (navel-stomach/spleen); lower (kidney/liver). San Shi Qi Shi 3,2,7,4 sahn shir chee shir 37 postures which populate the pattern. San Yuan 1,2 sanh yewanh Three circles. Shaolin 3,2 shau linh Shaolin (small woods/trees/pines)...the temple which coalesced the essential martial arts (377 A.D.). Shen 2 shun (like shun evil) Spirit (where mind and thought function). In some contexts, refers to the creator. Shen Fa 1,3 shun (like shun evil) fah Body method. How your body should move. 8 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Shi Fu 1,0 shirh foo Martial arts master. English common usage is the word Sifu (see foo). Also used to address someone with competence in a specialized skill. Ex: Sifu Eric Clapton. Shou Fa 3,3 show fah Hand method. How your hands should move. Si Xiang 4,4 szi shiang Four directions. Also means 4 elephants (like elephants which support the weight of creation standing at the four foundation points). Song 1 sungh Relax. Elimination of counterproductive tension. Elimination of muscular ratcheting. Not same as “relax” in English. Close to the state your are in when you are doing cloud hands, and forget you have arms. Taijiquan 4,2,2 tai gee chwan Grand ultimate fist. Tian Chuang 1,1 tienh chewang Sky window. An attack opening in the higher part of the defender’s body. Tian Ling Gai 1,2,1 tienh lingh guy Heaven spirit cover. Top of the head. Ting 1 ting To listen. Listening. Number 1 of the 5 qualities of push hands. Ti Song 3?,4 dee sungh Relax (or sink) the body. Establish your root. Tui Bu 4,4 tweigh boo Step backward. Number 2 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Tui Shou 4,3 tweigh show Push hands. 9 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Wudang 3,1 woo(silent “w”) dahng Mountain in Hubei. A remote center of development in the martial and Daoist arts. See Crouching Tiger for more insight. Wu Qi 1?, 4? woo chee Stillness. The primordial state. Before thought, intent, and Taiji. Preceding Yin and Yang, and the 10,000 things. Wushu 3,4 woo shoo Military arts. This is how the mainlanders refer to what we call Kung Fu. Wu Xiang 5,4 woo shiang The 5 directions. The 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Wu Xing 3,2 woo shyeeng (like “shyeenging” in the rain) The 5 elements. Some where, some how, some way, they’re at the foundation to everything. Xiao Lu 3,4 seow leeooh (or lyu) Small rollback. Xin 1 shin Literally, it's the heart organ. Coincidentally, it can mean "Mind". It can also mean “What's in your heart”, like English, an intention, idea or thought, not yet expressed. Xin Gong 1,4 shin goong Working the mind. Xin Jing 1,4 shin geengh Calm the mind. Clear the mind. Yan Fa 3,3 yenh fah Eye method. How your eyes should move. Yang 2 yahng The full, positive, or forceful, or energized pole of the manifest world. Yi 4 yee (the “y” is nearly completely silent) Mind. Yi is the expression of Xin. Mind is commonly expressed as “Xin-Yi”. Also intent, mindfulness, focus. 10 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Yin 1 yinh The empty, recessive, weak (apparently), negative pole of the manifest world. Yong Quan 3,2 yong quan “Bubbling Spring”. Energy source and connection to the ground beneath your midfoot/arch. You Kong Men 4,4,2 yoh coongh munh Right empty door. Opening on opponent’s right through which you can enter for an attack. You Pan 4.4 yoh panh Right Look. Look to your right. "Beware of the Right", after moving to the left. Number 4 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Zhan Zhuang 4,1 john jewangh Stand like a post (or stump, or stake). Body is still. Qi and breath are moving. Zhong Ding 1,1 joong ding Middle spot. Central Equilibrium. Number 5 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Zhong Yi 1,1 joong yee(the “y” is almost completely silent) Chinese medicine. Zhou 3 jou (or joe) Elbow strike. Number 7 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Zhuang Zi ?,4 juwang dz Chuang Tzu. Third century Daoist scholar. Brilliant and sometimes humourous portrayal of the Dao. Sometimes called the “Genius of the Absurd.” Zou 3 dzough Walking. Leading by walking away. Number 2 or the 5 qualities of push hands. 11 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Zuo Gu 3,4 dswaugh goo Step to the left. Beware of the left. Number 3 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Zuo Kong Men 3,4,2 dswaugh coongh munh (“u” same as “u” in mud) Left empty door. Opening on opponent’s left through which you can enter for an attack. Ba Men (The 8 Gates) - 8 Fundamental Techniques of Taiji (Combined techniques and directional movements are sometimes referred to as the Shi(2) San(1) Shi(4), or the 13 items) Peng 3 pengh Wardoff. Number 1 or the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Bounces incoming energy back in the direction from which it came. Denotes strength, power, boundless energy, like inflated ball. Lu 4 leeooh (or lyu) Roll back. Number 2 or the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Softness, yielding. Control/capture incoming attack, offset balance. Allow opponent to enter, and rotate with his force. Ji 3 gee (like gee whiz) Press. First stick to your opponent, then press before he/she has opportunity to move or adjust. Like a coin bouncing off the surface of a drum. Like water penetrating a rock throught a fault in its surface. Number 3 or the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. An 4 anh Push. The arms and body should move as a single unit. Number 4 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Cai 3 tsai Pluck. Sometimes referred to as press (as in press down). Needle at sea bottom. Bring opponent’s force downward. Number 5 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. 12 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Lie 4 leeyeah Split or Tear/Rend. Using opposing forces to off balance an opponent. This is Number 6 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Zhou 3 jou (or joe) Elbow strike. Number 7 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. Kao 4 cow Bump (with the shoulder). Number 8 of the 8 fundamental Taiji techniques. In fact, the bump can be with the shoulder, hip, thigh, back, leg, any body part. Wu Xiang (5 Directions) - The Five Fundamental Directional Movements of Taiji Jin Bu 1,4 gin boo Step forward. Number 1 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Tui Bu 4,4 tweigh boo Step backward. Number 2 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Zuo Gu 3,4 dswaugh goo Step to the left. Beware of the left. Number 3 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. You Pan 4.4 yoh panh Right Look. Look to your right. "Beware of the Right", after moving to the left. Number 4 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Zhong Ding 1,1 joong ding Middle spot. Central Equilibrium. Number 5 of the 5 fundamental movements of Taiji. Zhan Zhuang (Standing like a Post) - Basic Sequence 13 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Wu Qi 1?, 4? woo chee Position #1. Stillness. The primordial state. Before thought, intent, and Taiji. Preceding Yin and Yang, and the 10,000 things. Liang Yi 3,1 leeangh ee Two 1's. Means two posts. San Cai 1,2 sahn tsai Three Wisdoms. Si Xiang 4,4 szi shiang Four directions. Also means 4 elephants (like elephants which support the weight of creation standing at the four foundation points). BaGua 1,4 BahGwah Eight Palms. Along with XingYi, one of the three pillars of internal arts. Eight trigrams. Eight basic principles after the two, Yin and Yang, but before the 64 hexagrams. Gongfu 1,4 goong foo Kung Fu. Energy and time. A focus on accomplishment/excellence. Now taken to mean Chinese martial arts. Same origin as Gung Ho in English. Fundamental Preparation for Tai Chi Xin Jing 1,4 shin geengh Calm the mind. Clear the mind. Ti Song 3?,4 dee sungh Relax (or sink) the body. Establish your root. Qi He 4,2 chee heh Gather your chi. The Five Properties of Push Hands Ting 1 ting To listen. Listening. Number 1 of the 5 qualities of push hands. 14 Copyright 2006 - www.ironcrane.com, Tacoma, WA, USA (updated 12/10/06) Zou 3 dzough Walking. Leading by walking away. Number 2 or the 5 qualities of push hands. Nian 2 nienh Sticking. Number 3 of the 5 qualities of push hands. Hua 4 hwah Neutralizing. Number 4 of the 5 qualities of push hands. Fa 1 fah Striking or attacking. Number 5 or the 5 qualities of push hands. The Four Methods Shen Fa 1,3 shun (like shun evil) fah Body method. How your body should move. Shou Fa 3,3 show fah Hand method. How your hands should move. Bu Fa 4,3 boo fah Foot method. How your feet should move. Yan Fa 3,3 yenh fah Eye method. How your eyes should move.